A Lloyd Hamilton Table Stand

Bad Grief!

A person grieving the death of a loved one will resort to desperate measures to cope with their loss.  This idea has been explored in strange and disturbing ways in two recent films, Wake Wood and I Saw the Devil.  These films differ vastly from the more true-to-life Rabbit Hole (2010), in which people get past tragedy and heal in a reasonable fashion.  Rabbit Hole is an excellent film (one of my favorite films of last year), but its realism worked against it in some quarters.  A number of critics numbed by the CGI that passes for modern drama or content with the immoral and emotionally flat characters of The Social Network were offended, maybe even threatened, by a film that showed characters working through deeply painful emotions and maintaining with love and duty the most significant relationships in their social network.  The film, for all its real emotion, was dismissed by many as grief porn.  But those haters who prefer a film that addresses grief in a more fantastic manner need look no further.

Wake Wood, with its ominously quiet townsfolk, fiery pagan rituals and child-coming-back-from-the-dead-wrong, is a combination of The Wicker Man and Pet Cemetery.  The strength of the film comes from its ability to be creepy and heartbreaking at the same time.  Like Rabbit Hole, Wake Wood is set into motion by the death of a young child.  The grieving parents, portrayed movingly by Aidan Gillen (The Wire) and Eva Birthistle (Waking the Dead), move to a distant town to escape memories of their daughter's death and start their lives anew.  But the couple soon learn that the local squire is able to conduct a ritual that can bring their daughter back to life for three days and allow them the closure necessary for them to accept her death and move on.  The viewer is given the sense from the start that something bad is going to happen to this couple for daring to play with fate.  As evil doings unfold, a grave lesson, or a lesson of the grave, is to be learned.  Insert your own Crypt Keeper cackle here.

Unlike Wake Wood, I Saw the Devil disregards poignancy and morality to focus strictly on blood and gore.  Any message that is offered quickly becomes lost in pools of blood.  Wake Wood takes the terror approach, which is designed to provoke fear and suspense, while I Saw the Devil takes the horror approach, which is designed to provoke revulsion. 

The film starts with a young woman (San-ha Oh) getting her car stuck on a dark, desolate road and calling on her cell phone for a tow truck.  While she us waiting for the truck, a hooded figure appears outside of the car and suddenly raises up a sledgehammer to smash open the windshield.  The director, Jee-woon Kim, is skillful in building up the tension.  The superbly stylishness cinematography provided by Mogae Lee further enhances the haunting mood of the scene.  But all of this talent can do nothing to elevate a story as gruesome and muddled as this one.  In the end, the terrifying opening promises much more than the film can deliver.

The woman is tortured and murdered.  Her fiancé, played by Byung-hun Lee, is devastated when the woman's head is found floating in a river the next day.  Lee, a highly skilled and well-regarded federal agent, decides that he will hunt down the killer himself to enact revenge.  The agent soon captures the killer and beats him mercilessly.  But then, after planting a GPS device on the psychopath, he lets him go so that he can catch him at another time and punish him all over again.  It is obvious from the start that Lee's catch-and-release scheme will go wrong.  Planting a GPS device on Choi hardly gives Lee control of the situation.  The plan might make sense if the killer had his hands chopped off so that he no longer was a threat and real escape was never possible.

Min-sik Choi provides a chilling performance as a hulking homicidal maniac as unstoppable as Jason and as morally perverse as No Country for Old Men's Anton Chigurh.  Although Lee is supposed to be a super-cop, he seems greatly outmatched by Choi.  Lee's beating only makes the killer angry and, the angrier he gets, the more dangerous he becomes.  Unleashing this enraged beast on the general public cannot serve anyone's sense of justice.  The killer, now in this cat-and-mouse game with Lee, is able to come into his own and willfully slaughter anyone unfortunate enough to come into his blood-soaked path.  To be honest, I became so disgusted by all of the killings that I never made it to the end of the film.

The Lament of a Guido

The Funny Parts includes a chapter on blackface routines. This is undoubtedly a sensitive subject and, in writing about blackface caricatures, I couldn't help but consider the harm caused by the unfriendly portrayal of groups in films.

I have personally been affected by ethnic stereotypes. I live in a town where Italians are few and far between. When The Sopranos was at its peak of popularity, I had people calling me "Tony Soprano" or telling me to "fuggedaboutit." They thought they were having harmless fun, but I was made uncomfortable by the comments. I did not like that I, as an Italian-American, was being associated with Mafia stereotypes. I am not the only person stung by Italian stereotypes. The MTV reality show Jersey Shore was recently protested by Italian-American advocacy groups for its negative portrayal of Italian-Americans and the repeated use of the ethnic slur "Guido." Last week, I was sitting in the waiting room of a doctor's office while an episode of Jersey Shore was being loudly broadcast on a flat-screen television mounted on the wall beside me. As the cast was engaged in one of their ridiculously overheated arguments, a black woman sitting across from me kept giggling. Eventually, she turned to a companion and said, "They are so Italian."

The racist portrayal of German soldiers in Inglourious Basterds (2009) is vicious, calculated and unapologetic. Hollywood filmmakers have felt for a long time that Nazi war crimes grant them boundless license to denigrate the German people. I grew up in a quiet suburb during the sixties. My family was the only Italian family in a predominantly German neighborhood. At the time, movies inundated me with horribly evil German characters. These films made me paranoid of my neighbors. I lived in terror of the lanky Mr. Vesely. His grim expression, ramrod posture and measured steps convinced me that he was a former SS officer. What was to stop him from acting like Rolf in The Sound of Music and turning my family in to an underground remnant of the Third Reich? How did I know he wasn't going to join forces with the Otto Preminger-looking Mr. Hoffmann to install a line of barbed wire around my home? If Steve McQueen couldn't jump a barbed wire fence using a Triumph TR6 Trophy Bird motorcycle, I doubt that I could jump the fence with my Schwinn Racer.

No one is safe from negative stereotyping. I was active in a fathers’ rights organization a few years ago. We were trying to get the message out that fathers are competent and loving parents and they deserve equal standing with mothers in child custody cases. Meanwhile, CBS television, with its line-up of "dumb dad" sitcoms, was sending out the message that fathers were bad parents. Ray Romano tries to make dinner for the family and he sets the kitchen on fire. That may have been a funny scene in 1955, but we live today in a nation where we are segregated into competing political factions. No one can afford to have one of their own depicted in a degrading way on prime time television.

Deleted Parts from The Funny Parts, Chapter 1: Mannequins and Other Dummies

It is sometimes necessary for a writer to trim clutter from a book to drive account and analysis from point to point in a clear progression. Still, I do not have it in me to simply discard material and forget about it. A & E can check with me if they ever want to do a series about word hoarders. So, I figured to loosely connect a few odds and ends from my forthcoming book into a passably coherent blog article. I hope that this information will be of some value.

It was not uncommon in early films for a human replica - a mannequin, a statue, a doll or a scarecrow - to suddenly come to life to create mischief. It could be no more than a fleeting gag or it could be the departing point for a series of amusing complications. The title says it all in the case of the 1901 Pathé Frères comedy The Statues on a Spree. Often, a dim-witted man provoked the figures to life by a bad or thoughtless act. Typical was a 1903 Pathé Frères comedy entitled Mannequin vivant (translated as Living Dummy), in which two men having fun beating up a mannequin are startled to find that the mannequin is willing to fight back. This tradition carried on in sound films. A pair of statues is not at all pleased when Harpo Marx fires a gun at them in Animal Crackers (1930).

In Three Sappy People (1939), Curly Howard is startled when he smacks a Rodin's Thinker in its knee and the statue responds by booting him in the stomach.

A surrealism often creepy in nature dominated early films whether the objective was comedy or horror. This allowed motifs to develop in parallel within these genres. Just as easily as the Rodin's Thinker kicked up a leg, a wax figure of Jack the Ripper sets after a man with bloodthirsty intent in Waxworks (1924). These magical transformations did not come with strain or sentiment in comic situations, but a fantasy/ horror film in which a scarecrow turned into a man did convey a tragic sense. The film, Feathertop (1913), was a Kinemacolor adaptation of a 1852 short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The plot has to do with a witch who, in a jealous desire to harm a beautiful young woman, transforms a scarecrow into a handsome nobleman and arranges for the faux nobleman to win the woman's heart. The witch returns on the day that the couple is to be wed to revert the scarecrow to its true form. A Moving Picture World critic stirred by the film's climax described it as follows: "Poor Feathertop passes in front of the mirror, where, to his horror, and that of the girl, he sees his true reflection — not the exquisite dandy, but the scarecrow, clothed in rags. He rushes home to his creator and denounces her. . . We see him gradually fade into a scarecrow, which sways and topples to the floor, a heap of wood and straw." The story, in its style of fantasy and sentiment, was well suited to the film form as it existed at the time, which is evidenced by the fact that a total of five film adaptations of the story were produced between 1912 and 1923.

My research turned up a number of premises shared by comedy films and horror films alike. A dissident mirror reflection, which was famously used to make people laugh in Charley Chase's Sittin' Pretty (1924) and the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup (1933), was also used to frighten people in Georges Méliès' Cagliostro's Mirror (1899). The film was short and simple. A man is startled when the image of a beautiful woman suddenly appears in his mirror. The woman beckons to the man and, when he comes closer, she transforms first into a skeleton and then into an enlarged visage of Satan.

One corresponding premise stands out for being the most strange. The Statue of Fright, a 1913 Eclipse melodrama, begins with a man hiring a sculptor to create a statue for display at his upcoming wedding celebration. The man is unaware that the artist is the father of a young woman jilted by him the very same day. The woman, heartbroken, acts to take her own life and ends up dying in her father's arms. At the wedding celebration, the groom is happy when the statue is delivered and he gathers around his guests for its unveiling. He pulls off the covering only to reveal the corpse of his jilted lover. This morbid statue-for-corpse swap would hardly seem to be material for a comedy routine, but a similar concept was introduced in the Larry Semon comedy Dummies (1928). Semon must find a way to escape a gang of thugs about to break down a door to get to him. He pretends to be so distressed that he is willing to resort to suicide. After making it sound as if he is killing himself, he arranges a mannequin under a sheet to look as if it is his corpse.

The living mannequin routine was divested of its fantastic elements in the 1908 Gaumont comedy The Dressmaker's Surprise. In this instance, a dressmaker's son encloses himself inside a mannequin so that he can fool patrons into thinking the mannequin has come to life. This type of routine became more common as the surreal elements of early film diminished. More often, it was to conceal their presence from an adversary that a character took the place of a mannequin or a statue. An example of this was provided by Nothing Matters (1926), in which Lloyd Hamilton eluded a murderous Chinatown gang by posing as a Buddha statue. This routine, which was performed by nearly every major comedian, is explored in depth in The Funny Parts.

A detached mannequin head or limb could in many ways create confusion in a comedy. This type of routine turned up in Bombardiers (1919). Sydney Chaplin looks to be getting frisky with a woman sitting next to him in the way that he is holding her leg in his lap.  But, suddenly, the woman stands up and departs without the leg, which is actually a leg that belongs to a mannequin.

Lyons & Moran: The Comedy Non-Team

A bout of writer's block inspired me to take a sample of an experimental drug called NZT-48, which is supposed to allow me to access 100 percent of my brain and make me so clever that I will become fascinating to women as good-looking as Abbie Cornish. Unfortunately, no Abbie Cornish has come knocking on my door and the best article that my expanded mind could produce has to do with a pair of entertainers so old and forgotten that I could not find a decent photo of them.

Eddie Lyons and Lee Moran are regarded as one of the first major comedy teams in motion pictures, but I have come to question that distinction after recently discovering that the actors did not normally function as a team in their films. The duo worked apart for much of the time and tended to play adversaries rather than allies. This point will become obvious after we consider a selection of comedies from the duo's 1915 release schedule.

Starting off this group is When Her Idols Fell. The story is centered on a married couple played by Lyons and Victoria Forde. Eddie becomes jealous when he finds that Victoria is infatuated with the famous Italian violinist Slingarlic (Moran) and has invited the musical virtuoso to play at a reception at their home. Eddie, determined to discredit Slingarlic, treats the violinist's bow and strings with axle grease, which makes the violin extremely slippery as the musician tries to play it. This does not diminish his wife's fondness for the violinist, but the woman finds herself less enamored of Slingarlic when she learns that his wife and seventeen children have just arrived from the old country.

The next film is Eddie's Awful Predicament, in which the predicament is that Eddie has a limited amount of funds to take girlfriend Victoria (Forde, again) out to dinner. Victoria's friends, Mrs. Sponge and her daughter, see Eddie and Victoria in a restaurant and manage to squeeze in at the table for a free meal. Eddie, needing more money to pay the bill, excuses himself so he can go outside and sell his watch. Moran, playing a suspicious waiter, does no more than hover around Eddie through much of the film.

The last film, When He Proposed, starts out with Eddie going to meet Victoria's family to gain their consent to marry Victoria. The family, particularly Victoria's brother Lee (Moran), seems more interested in Eddie’s savings account than they are interested in Eddie. Lee is intrigued when Eddie tells him that he has put away money to buy furniture for a new home. Lee is able to persuade Eddie to use the money to buy a car, after which he virtually takes possession of the car.

Lyons and Moran's first feature-length film, Everything but the Truth (1920), made very little use of Moran. Billy Hervey (Lyons), a busy oil company executive, is about to marry his girlfriend, Helen Gray, and he has to make time for wedding preparations. Billy visits a bungalow that is to be a surprise wedding gift to Helen. While at the bungalow, he meets Annabelle Elton, who lives next door with her husband Jack (Moran). Billy learns that Annabelle wants to get fresh eggs from a chicken farm and volunteers to drive the woman to the farm in his car. When they arrive at the house, Billy and Annabelle are made prisoners by an escaped lunatic, who thinks he is running an insane asylum and that the visitors are patients. Following their escape the next day, Billy and Annabelle doubt that anyone will believe what happened to them and they decide to come up with a more likely story to explain their absence. Their story only succeeds in creating complications and arousing suspicions. It is only when the truth finally comes out that the couple is able to clear up the situation.

The comedians also did not act as a team in their next feature Fixed by George (1920). Moran, in the role of George, arranges a party at a country estate to expose an unethical psychiatrist played by Lyons.

I looked hard to find films where the comedians worked together. I was able to find only four examples. In Caught in the End (1920), Lyons and Moran pretend to be ill to remain away from a lecture attended by their wives. The wives return to find their husbands playing poker with friends. The fooling-the-wives genre of comedy is something that later came to be perfected by Laurel & Hardy. In Once a Plumber (1920), the two men are plumbers tricked by an unscrupulous millionaire to run a scam company. In A Political Tramp (1916), Lyons and Moran play a pair of hobos who steal the car of a touring politician and then pose as the politician and his secretary at a prohibition meeting.  By this time, Ham and Bud had patented this type of plot.  The tramp duo could assume a new trade for the day simply by stealing a uniform, a vehicle or a tool bag.  The last example of Lyons and Moran working together as a true team can be found in a "drag" farce called Little Egypt Malone (1915), the plot of which I will discuss in an upcoming book.

The success of a comedy team depends on the mutual dynamic of the partners, with humor largely derived from the partners' interaction. A team shares mutual goals and works together to resolve dilemmas. The scarcity of the interplay between Lyons and Moran makes it difficult to qualify them as a true comedy team.

Gag Revival of the Week

Larry Fine is hiding under a bed to avoid a jealous husband in the Three Stooges comedy Don't Throw that Knife (1951). A similar situation occurred in a recent episode of Chuck ("Chuck Versus the Seduction Impossible," 2010). One of the characters even makes mention of the Stooges.

Masters of the Quick Disguise

These are screen captures of a fun house mirror routine performed by the Three Stooges in Don't Throw that Knife (1951). The same routine was performed more than three decades earlier by Harold Lloyd in Number, Please? (1920).

It was surprising to me the large number of gags and routines that I was able to trace back to Lloyd. A balloon routine that Lloyd introduced in I Do (1920) was later performed by Harry Langdon in His New Mamma (1924) and Skirt Shy (1929), Jack Cooper in Raisin' Trouble (1926), and Curly Howard in Spook Louder (1943).


The tie-as-mustache gag pictured here was enacted by Lloyd in Hey There! (1918) and later recycled by Buster Keaton in Cops (1922).





Many years later, Harry Langdon used this dubious disguise in a 1944 Columbia comedy, Defective Detectives.

Gags involving a comedian creating an impromptu disguise were used often in situations where the comedian had to elude an angry rival or sneak past a wary police officer. The disguises could get silly. In Broken Bubbles (1920), Hank Mann quickly disguises himself by using a leafy plant as a fake beard. It wasn't as funny as the tie gag but at least Mann could call the gag his own.